Extended exposure to stress may elevate the likelihood of developing anxiety and depression, thereby increasing the risk of memory loss, caution neurologists.

Neuroscientists point out that the body releases a hormone called cortisol during stressful periods, which assists the brain in utilizing glucose more effectively and temporarily boosts energy levels.

Sustained high levels of cortisol due to chronic stress, however, can disrupt brain function, leading to memory loss, according to the experts.

The Mayo Clinic blog highlighted that prolonged secretion of the stress hormone disrupts nearly all bodily processes, heightening the risks of muscle tension, heart issues, high blood pressure, and cognitive issues such as memory loss.

Furthermore, Cleveland Clinic defines memory loss as challenges in forming, storing, and recalling past events or information.

Moreover, the Alzheimer’s Association underlines that persistent memory issues that interfere with daily functioning could signal the onset of Alzheimer’s disease or dementia.

According to the World Health Organization, dementia is a condition that results from various illnesses impairing memory, cognition, and day-to-day activities, thus causing a decline in cognitive functions.

WHO reports that there are more than 55 million cases of dementia globally, with the majority in low and middle-income nations. Dementia is ranked as the seventh most common cause of death worldwide, with roughly 10 million new cases diagnosed annually.

In addition, women are at a higher risk of facing health complications and mortality due to dementia and often serve as primary caregivers for those affected.

Wakadaily learnt that, Professor Olugbenga Odebode, a specialist in neurosurgery at the University of Ilorin, noted that elevated cortisol levels in the bloodstream can impair brain function and lead to memory loss, which is a recurring symptom in dementia patients.

He elaborated, “During long-term stress, a hormone called cortisol is released. High-level cortisol circulating in the blood increases malfunctioning of the brain and is associated with loss of memory.”

The Neurosurgeon added that a key indicator in patients with dementia is the presence of memory problems. Additionally, Ikenna Onwuekwe, a professor at the University of Nigeria, emphasized that prolonged exposure to stress from work or the environment could raise the likelihood of developing dementia.

He stated, “Individuals subjected to prolonged stress, whether due to occupational demands or environmental factors, may face an elevated risk of developing dementia. There is emerging evidence suggesting that chronic stress may exacerbate the onset of dementia.”

Onwuekwe emphasized the physical effects of stress, such as higher blood pressure, which can worsen conditions like dementia. He also pointed out that the causes of dementia are varied, including factors like environment, family history, and genetics.

Additionally, he mentioned that while dementia is more prevalent in white populations, there is a rising number of cases in black and African communities. Onwuekwe also mentioned that the rate of dementia in Nigerians is unknown and called for more research to better understand the types of dementia and improve treatment options.

“One of the genes proven to play a role in Alzheimer’s is apolipoprotein E. The abnormalities in this gene are associated with Alzheimer’s disease. So if one is born with that inherited abnormality, one is strongly likely to develop Alzheimer’s, which can be passed to one’s children. In developed countries, people can be screened early in life and be told that they tend to have Alzheimer’s,” Onwuekwe said.

The don further advised proactive healthcare interventions for individuals with a family history of memory loss and advocated for regular medical check-ups to facilitate early detection and intervention.

The neurologist further stated that dementia which is unrelated to genetic factors, such as vascular dementia, may be prevented.

“Vascular dementia is caused by repeated strokes in the brain and over time leads to dementia. It is seen in people who are hypertensive, diabetic or have other cardiovascular conditions that could lead to the blockage of the arteries.

“For such types of dementia, it is easier to talk about prevention because it can be monitored as part of an annual health check. Those who are hypertensive should ensure they treat themselves and ensure that their blood pressure is well controlled the same thing with high blood sugar and cholesterol.

“These three things are usually the centre of arterial blockages in individuals, so if the high blood pressure, sugar and cholesterol can be controlled, you have significantly reduced your chances of coming down with vascular dementia, which is a major cause of dementia in some population,” Onwuekwe stated.

To avoid developing non-genetic risk factors of dementia, the professor recommended embracing healthy behaviors and maintaining both physical and mental engagement. He discouraged habits like smoking, excessive drinking, and gaining weight, and endorsed eating fruits and vegetables, exercising for at least 30 minutes daily, and enjoying music.

Additionally, Onwuekwe emphasized the importance of staying mentally active by reading, playing brain-stimulating games like chess and Sudoku, and avoiding a sedentary lifestyle.

“Playing these games works by increasing what we call the cerebral cortical reserve, which is the number of neurons that are critically lost in dementia, so playing games helps to maintain their stability and connection. Eat more nuts, it has been shown to increase memory and it may be useful in people who have an increased risk of developing dementia.

“Also, avoid areas of atmospheric air pollution and smoke and avoid being stressed either as a result of work or personal lifestyle. If you have any family history of memory impairment, get yourself checked routinely so you can have the medical attention needed at the earliest observation of any changes.”